The Science Behind The X-Files:

The Erlenmeyer Flask

• When the two agents investigate the death of the enigmatic Dr. Berube, they find that he was a participating researcher in the Human Genome Project. The HGP was initiated in 1989 as an effort to map the human genetic code, and it continues to this day.
  
  Want to learn more about the work of the HGP? You can visit their home page at http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/ or check out a human genome transcript map with some of their discoveries at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SCIENCE96/.

• While rooting through the remains of Dr. Berube's lab, Mulder comes upon an erlenmeyer flask of a strange brown liquid. Scully takes it to a lab for analysis, only to find that it contains a bacterial virus used for gene therapy (see MEMENTO MORI). The really interesting part is that the bacterium has a new base pair--a fifth and sixth nucleotide, as Dr. Carpenter tells Scully.
  I always thought that there were five nucleotides (guanine, adenine, cytozine, thyamine, and uracil), but this gives me a great excuse to get a bit of a refresher on the building-block basics of DNA.
  
  For a primer on nucleotides and DNA composition, go to the DOE's 1992 paper on molecular genetics at http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/publicat/primer/intro.html.

• One of Dr. Berube's test subjects in his genetic experiments was a collegue, Dr. Sekare, whose DNA he combined with extraterrestrial genetic material. When Dr. Sekare is treated for gunshot wounds in an ambulance, the medics are overcome by noxious fumes from Sekare's blood. Although it's not very likely (at all) in real life to find an alien-human hybrid with toxic green blood walking around on the streets, in 1994, many emergency room staffers in Riverside, California, fell seriously ill from toxic fumes emanating from a body they were attempting to administer. The truth is almost stranger than fiction, but scientists think they may have pieced together what actually happened.
  
  To read about this baffling case, go to Discover Magazine's archives to find a long but interesting article at http://coldfusion.discover.com/output.cfm?ID=486.